Outcomes of the ONE (Open Network for Education) Projects

Initial successes have demonstrated willingness and an appetite on the part of education practitioners to consider open education as a transformative strategy in education. What remains, is for a consortium of key educational players in Mongolia to move forward toward policy advocacy and change through a countrywide initiative that demonstrates the potential and power of large-scale open development practices.

Open educational seeds have been widely scattered in Mongolia over the past five years. They are now beginning to blossom.

THE ONE ACADEMY

The ONE Academy, a component of ONE Mongolia program, supports collaborations and partnerships for the development of open education and knowledge, and provides free access to Open Educational Resources (OER) to maximize multi-stakeholder investments in open education and Build capacity among faculty, instructors and education practitioners to use and create open educational resources. ONE Academy focuses on quality education and lifelong learning for all, to enable every student to acquire skills and knowledge. This is especially important for rural populations.

Currently, over 160 Mongolian video lessons have been made openly available to students, teachers, parents and the public with covering subjects from higher, secondary and primary education to preschool and lifelong learning using a Creative Commons (CC) attribution share-alike license (CC-BY-SA).  http://www.one.mn

The 1000 video lessons of Khan Academy have been translated into Mongolian languages and professional teachers of the two largest Mongolian universities, the National University of Mongolia, and the Mongolian State University of Education are participating in this localization initiative.

In September 2014, ONE Foundation launched the Mongolian adaptation of the Khan Academy with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere, the most popular open educational platform in the world. http://mn.khanacademy.org

ONE Mongolia offers translated exercises, instructional videos covering a wide variety of academic topics, including math, history, biology and computer sciences, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom.

ONE Mongolia team conducted capacity building trainings that bring the e-learning technology into the classrooms, ultimately elevating the access to quality resources for teachers and administrators in primary, secondary and higher education.

ONE Mongolia team has been experimenting with Khan Academy in a dozen classes in secondary and high schools all across Mongolia and developing digital library of online lessons showcasing best practices for teaching and learning.

In 2016, our training subject on the concepts and practices for using OER and Khan Academy in the classroom to support effective teaching and learning has been incorporated into the professional development courses, conducted by the Institute of Teachers’ Professional Development of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science for primary and secondary school teachers.

ONE Foundation promotes innovative networking activities that add value to OER and Khan Academy programs and contribute new knowledge and best practice for OER use to the wider academic open educational community.

THE ONE SCHOOL

The ONE School, another component of ONE Mongolia, provides eLearning technology solutions for institutes, schools and training organizations.

ONE School provides classroom tools powered by Google Education to university and school campuses in Mongolia, without the costs and complexities that come with maintaining hardware and software. This free set of customizable tools enables teachers and students to work together from anywhere and learn, effectively supported by open educational resources. http://www.one.mn/google

Over the past five years, ONE School has been active in capacity building initiatives and trainings to introduce and demonstrate a range of open practices, including open education and Google APPs for Education for primary and secondary teachers in the country.

ONE School supports the design and implementation of educational infrastructure and build a technical platform for CC Mongolia and a digital library of CC-licensed resources in the Mongolian language and provide eLearning technology solutions for institutes, schools and training organizations.

THE ONE LANGUAGE

As a commencement of the ONE Language, newly published 8 volumes Mongolian language dictionary (MN Wiktionary), has been made openly available to the public with a Creative Commons (CC) licenses.

Designed as the lexical companion to Wikipedia, Mongolian Language Wiktionary (MN Wiktionary), a collaborative project to produce a free, modern and comprehensive dictionary, developed on the http://mn.wiktionary.org.

The MN Wiktionary is run by the ONE Foundation supported by Mongolian Government, and is written collaboratively by Mongolian language professionals and volunteers, allows anyone with access to create and edit entries. MN Wiktionary has developed the approximately 44,000 headwords and 199 000 entries. It grew rapidly in 2015 thanks to authors of dictionary of Mongolian law and finance in adding terminologies of law and business.

MN Wiktionary has grown beyond a standard dictionary and now includes a Mongolian traditional script, thesaurus, folklore, etymology and extensive appendices.  All areas of academics, professionals and public are participating openly in the development of Wiktionary, as a Mongolian Language community portal.

It is expected that memorandum of understanding (MoU) between MECS, ONE Foundation and National University of Mongolia will be signed in 2016.

Over 50 video lessons covering subjects in Mongolian traditional scripts have been made openly available to the public, using a Creative Commons (CC) attribution share-alike license (CC-BY-SA).

ONE Language focuses on enhancing awareness, capacity and participation of all stakeholders in English language training and enabling innovative English language training model in the public and private sectors using open educational resources. The English Language training initiative has an initial starting base in the research and collaboration.

HISTORY OF THE ONE MONGOLIA

The DREAM IT ( Development Research to Empower All Mongolians Through Information Technology) - series of applied research projects that were conducted by ONE (Open Network for Education) Mongolia team, between 2009-2013, have been significant to Mongolia for the opportunities availed to researchers and development workers from many universities, government and non- governmental organizations, to freely explore the potential of ICTs to contribute to the country’s socioeconomic development. This intensive action research program was timely, at the onset of the deployment of ICT infrastructure, including the Internet, to the wide expanses of Mongolia through wireless networks and mobile phones, and as the Government formulated information and communication technology (ICT) policies to bring universal access to people living in remote places. www.dreamit.mn

Over the past six years, the ONE Mongolia has been active in capacity building initiatives to introduce and demonstrate a range of open practices, including open education, open access publishing and open government. ONE Mongolia has focused some of its research activities specifically at demonstrating open practices in the education and information technology and government sectors.

Some inspiring facts about ONE Mongolia:

Open government

One focus of ONE Mongolia research has been open government initiatives through a project called Engaging citizen e-participation in the Parliamentary legislative process.  The objective of the project was to understand the factors that motivate or inhibit citizens from using the Parliament website. The project studied the accessibility of the Parliamentary website for citizens of Mongolia regardless of gender, age, education, geography or socio-economic status, and in particular, it focused on citizens who lived in rural parts of Mongolia and specifically those of underserved communities.

Open research and open access publishing

ONE Mongolia has conducted research in environmental science through a number of projects including, Collaborative learning for co-management of natural resources in Mongolia, and Reading the weather: ICTs for climate risk management and herders' livelihoods improvement in Mongolia.

The principle researcher for the environmental science projects has made an effort to openly publish the findings using a Creative Commons share-alike (CC-BY-SA) license that allows for download of the book and reuse of the material with appropriate attribution.

Open educational resources

ONE Mongolia is conducting open educational preliminary research in three target topic areas were identified, including:

·       Research about practice changes. When integrated into an existing educational practice, the adoption of an open educational strategy might lead to new forms of practice. Research in Mongolia on the impact and benefits of OER on existing practices could be studied by analyzing how an open educational strategy affects the efficiency of the educational materials development process. This study could provide a side by side comparison of existing and new models of practice.

·        Research could also explore the capacity and ability of educational developers and teachers to quickly revise and redistribute updated or enhanced materials using network delivery technologies. Findings from such a study would benefit school operations and teacher training in Mongolia, and could be beneficial also in other developing countries.

·       Open educational may also enable qualitatively new practices and new approaches in organizing teaching and learning. These effects could also be studied, documented and evaluated through ongoing research in schools with teachers and students.

Ramping up a Creative Commons Mongolia Affiliate as basic open infrastructure

As a result of the ONE Mongolia initiatives, there was growing interest across Mongolia for the use of Creative Commons licensed educational resources by instructors, institutions and government. CC licensed materials would provide a legal and technical infrastructure essential to the long-term success of OER.

ONE Foundation developed the roadmap for a Creative Commons Mongolia Affiliate and signed the Creative Commons Mongolia Affiliate Memorandum of Understanding in conjunction with the launch of the Mongolia Affiliate website www.creativecommons.mn

ONE Foundation established a Creative Commons (CC) Mongolia Affiliate and open licensing framework for Mongolia in 2013. A Creative Commons Mongolia affiliate expands upon initial OER activities as well as help boost human capital development and lifelong learning initiatives across Mongolia by working with education providers in both the formal and informal sectors to promote knowledge and skill acquisition through the use and open licensing of learning resources.

Looking Ahead: Open Network for Education in Mongolia (ONE Mongolia)

What remains to be done is the development a framework for the use of open education resources (OER) to support innovative practice models for teaching and learning, and instructor training in all education institutions.

Spurred on by the 2012 UNESCO OER Declaration, Dr. Enkhbat Dangaasuren, Mongolian Internet pioneer and former parliamentarian introduced his vision for an Open Network for Education (ONE) Mongolia, at a  July 2012 national seminar. Key to vision for the One Mongolia project and consortium is the notion that it must be national in scope, collaborative in nature, bringing together all sectors of Mongolian society under a common vision, to model open development principles.

ONE Mongolia proposal received enthusiastic support from many of the educators and Mongolian Government and vision of ONE (Open Network for Education) Mongolia, is now taking shape.

Нээлттэй лицензийг боловсролын салбарт нэвтрүүлэх нь

Олон сая бүтээлүүд дэлхий нийтэд чөлөөтэй, зохиогчийн эрхийн хуульд нийцсэн нөхцлөөр өдөр ирэх тутам нээлттэй болж байна.
Зохиогчийн эрх нь интернэт сүлжээ үүсэхээс өмнө бий болсон бөгөөд өдөр тутмын амьдралд интернэтийн хэрэглээ өргөнөөр нэвтэрсэн өнөө цагт зохиогчийн эрх, түүний нөхцлүүдийн интернэт сүлжээнд хэрхэн уялдуулах асуудал чухалчлагдаж байна.
Дэлхий нийтэд интернэт дэх бүтээлийг ашиглах, ишлэх, эх сурвалжийг засварлах, нийтлэх явдалд эрх зүйн шаардлага тавих тохиромжтой хэлбэрийг оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо буюу СС (Creative Commons) нээлттэй лиценз гэж үздэг. Зохиогчийн эрхийн хууль тогтоомжоор зохиогч өөрийн туурвисан тухайн бүтээлийг нийтлэх, түгээх, хуулбарлах болон бусад үйлдлийг зөвшөөрөх эсэхийг зайлшгүй зааж өгөх асуудлыг интернэт ба зохиогчийн эрхийн хууль тогтоомжийн хооронд уялдуулан шийдвэрлэсэн бөгөөд үнэгүй, олон нийтэд нээлттэй, стандартчилагдсан, зохиогчийн эрхийн зөвшөөрлийн интернэт дэх шийдэл нь оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо (СС) юм. 
Энэ тогтолцоо нь оюуны болон сургалтын аливаа бүтээл туурвигчдыг интернэт орчинд зохиогчийн эрхийн хүрээ, бусад этгээдэд ашиглуулахыг зөвшөөрөх хэлбэр бөгөөд бүтээлийг суралцуйн үйлд ашиглах нөхцлүүдийг тодорхой болгодог.

Дэлхий даяар нь оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо (СС) буюу нээлттэй лицензийг дэмжиж, хөгжүүлэн ажиллаж буй “Сreative Сommons” байгууллагын 100 гаруй салбар, 70 гаруй орон байна. 2002 оны 12-р сард оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцооны эхний хувилбар олон нийтэд хүрсэн бөгөөд өдгөө түүнийг 50 гаруй улс тогтмол хэрэглэж байна. Оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо нь боловсрол, сургалтын хэрэглэгдэхүүнийг түгээх, дахин ашиглахтай холбоотой эрх зүй, техник, нийгмийн шинжтэй нэмэлт ажлыг хөнгөвчилж, үр ашгийг дээшлүүлдэг учир 2005 оноос шинжлэх ухааны салбарт, 2007 оноос боловсролын салбарт өргөнөөр хэрэглэж байна. Энэ утгаараа оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо (СС) нь соёл, боловсрол, төр, шинжлэх ухааны мэдлэг, бүтээлийг түгээх олон улсын стандарт, олон нийтийн өмч болсон байна.  Дэлхийн даяар оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоо нь 2003 онд 1 сая бүтээлд ашиглагдсан бол 2004 онд 4.7 сая, 2005 онд 20 сая, 2006 онд 50 сая, 2007 онд 90 сая, 2008 онд 130 сая, 2009 онд 350 сая болж, тогтмол нэмэгдсээр байна. Интернэт орчинд зохиогчийн эрхийг хамгаалах түгээмэл хэрэглэгддэг нөхцөл болж, дэлхий нийтэд өргөнөөр хэрэглэгдэж байгаа энэхүү тогтолцоонд монгол улсыг төлөөлж, 2013 оноос Нээлттэй Мэдлэг Боловсролын Сан (http://www.one.mn) гэрээ хийж,  олон улсын тогтолцоонд нэгдэн ажиллаж байна.

“Creative Commons” байгууллага нь эрх зүйн чөлөөт хэрэгслээр дамжуулан мэдлэг, бүтээлийг хуваалцах, ашиглах бололцоог олгодог олон улсын төрийн бус байгууллага бөгөөд 2001 онд байгуулагдсан түүний захирлуудын зөвлөл нь удирдагчид, боловсролын болон технологийн мэргэжилтэн, шинжээчид, эрх зүйн эрдэмтэн, судлаачид, зохион бүтээгчид, бизнес эрхлэгчдээс бүрддэг. Тус төрийн бус байгууллага цахим хэлбэртэй бүтээлч ажлыг нэмэгдүүлэх, хуваалцах, шинийг санаачлахад эрх зүйн болон техникийн дэд бүтцийг бий болгох, дэмжих, хөгжүүлэх чиглэлээр ажилладаг. 

Нээлттэй лицензийг интернэт дэх бүтээлд хэрэглэгдэх “зохиогчийн эрхийн зөвшөөрөл” бөгөөд түүний хялбар, стандартчилагдсан байдал нь зохиогчдын бүтээлийг тэдгээрийн санал болгосон нөхцлийн үндсэн дээр олон нийтэд түгээх, ашиглах зөвшөөрлийг олгодог. Энэ нь зохиогчийн эрхийг “бүх эрх хамгаалагдсан” нөхцлөөс “зарим эрх хамгаалагдсан” нөхцөл рүү ашиглагчдын хэрэгцээнд тохируулан өөрчлөх боломж олгодог бөгөөд зохиогчийн эрхийн хууль тогтоомжид нийцсэн байдаг. Энэ нь зохиогчийн эрхийн эсрэг зүйл биш бөгөөд эрх зүйн утга, үр дагавар бүхий тогтолцоо бөгөөд зохиогч, зохиогчийн эрх эзэмшигчийг олон нийтэд тухайн бүтээлтэй нь холбоотой тодорхой эрх эдлэхийг зөвшөөрөх замаар эрх нь зөрчигдөхөөс урьдчилан сэргийлэх, бүтээлийнхээ ашиглалтад хяналт тавих боломж олгодог. Өөрөөр хэлбэл олон нийтэд бусдын зохиогчийн эрхийн бүтээлийг тодорхой хязгаарлалттайгаар ашиглахыг зөвшөөрснийг илтгэдэг интернэтэд суурилсан тогтолцоо юм. Зохиогчийн эрхийн хуулийн дагуу бүх эрхээ хадгалах хүсэлтэй зохиогч буюу эрх эзэмшигчийн хувьд нээлттэй лицензийг ашигладаггүй. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор нээлттэй лиценз нь зохиогчийн эрхийн шинэчлэлд тооцогдох болжээ.

Нээлттэй лицензийн аль төрлийг ямар нөхцөлтэйгээр хэрэглэхийг тухайн зохиогч өөрөө бие даан шийдвэрлэнэ. Зохиогчийн эрхийн бүтээл нь онлайн болон оффлайн хэлбэртэйгээс үл хамааран нээлттэй лицензийн кодыг хэрэглэж болно. Бүтээлээ нээлттэй болгохын тулд creativecommons.mn хуудаснаас нөхцлөө сонгон, өөрийн бүтээлтэй холбоно.

Нээлттэй лицензийн төрлүүд

CC зөвшөөрлийн зарим нэг эрх нь ашиглалтыг ихээр хязгаарласан байхад зарим нь хязгаарлалтыг багасгаж өгсөн байдаг.

Тэмдэг	Товчилсон нэршил	Утга	Тайлбар
	By	Нэрийг дурдана. /англ. Attribution/	Тухайн ашиглаж буй бүтээлд зохиогчийн нэрийг дурдана.
	Nc	Ашгийн бус /англ. Non-commercial/	Тухайн бүтээлийг ашгийн зорилгоор ашиглаж болохгүй.
	Nd	Хувиргахгүй /англ. No derivatives/	Уг бүтээлийг өөрчлөх буюу гажуудуулж болохгүй.
	Sa	Ижил нөхцлөөр цааш дамжуулна. /англ. Share Alike/	Уг бүтээлийг өөрчилсөн ч урьдын адил эрхтэй байлгана.

Оюуны бүтээлч хамтын тогтолцоог Монгол Улсын боловсролын салбарт нэвтрүүлж хөгжүүлснээр нээлттэй боловсролын агуулгыг хөгжүүлж, зохиогч, зохиогчийн эрх эзэмшигчид өөрсдийн бүтээл, сургалтын материалыг нээлттэйгээр байршуулахад зохиогчийн эрхээ хамгаалах, оюутан сурагч, суралцагсад бүтээлийг зөвшөөрөгдсөн эрх хэмжээнд чөлөөтэй ашиглаж, боловсрол, соёл, шинжлэх ухааны ололтыг нээлттэйгээр ашиглах нэгдмэл орчин үүснэ.